Diagnostics possibilities of erythrocytes analysis by the method of laser interference microscopy.

The morphofunctional state of erythrocytes significantly changes by the onset and progression of various diseases, as well as in critical conditions, injuries, accompanied by severe tissue damage. This leads to a violation of microcirculation and has an effect on hemorheology in general. In connection with this, there is a need for the development of adequate methods for assessing the functional activity of erythrocytes. The aim of the work was to study the possibilities of laser interference microscopy in the analysis of the functional state of erythrocytes. The results allowed us to quantify the state of the phase height and phase diameter of erythrocytes. Analysis of the surface nanostructure gave a qualitative assessment of the functional activity of cells. The following patterns were revealed: the action of adrenaline causes the appearance of echinocytes with an increase in phase height and decrease phase diameter and the appearance of spicules on the surface of cells. The action of cortisol leads to a decrease in the phase height and the phase diameter with the appearance of numerous loosening of the structure of the cell surface. Moreover, the traditional method of analyzing the distribution of erythrocytes in a population by morphology (discocytes, stomatocytes, and degeneratively altered cell forms) did not reveal statistically significant differences. Thus, the results indicate that the interference microscopy method allows a qualitative assessment of the morphofunctional activity of native cells. This increases the information content of the analysis and leads to the objectification of data on the functional capabilities of erythrocytes.

[The evaluation of genotoxic effects in buccal epithelium under disorders of adaption status of organism.]

The cyto-morphologic analysis of buccal epithelium is one of technique of evaluation of adaptation status of organism and xenogeneic intoxication. The analysis of reactivity of cells of buccal epithelium is used to obtain information concerning genetic alterations in human cells that is extremely important for proper decision making related to issues of population health protection. The smoking results in manifestation of tension of adaptation mechanisms and significant increasing of risk of development cytogenetic disorders in cells of buccal epithelium of oral cavity. The study was carried out concerning morphology of buccal epithelial cells of smoking youths. The cytogram demonstrated a reliable decreasing of number of normal cells and increasing of percentage of cells with various cytogenetic alterations. The cells with micro-nuclei are observed twice more often that can be considered as an integral indicator of genetic disorders in inter phase. In smokers, among cells with signs of completion of nucleus destruction the cells with karyorrhexis are registered reliably more often. The results of micro-nucleus test are an unfavorable prognostic indication testifying high degree of genotoxicity of tobacco smoke and meaning a disorder of cytogenetic homeostasis and decreasing of adaptation reserve of organism.

[The evaluation of adaptive possibilities of organism under therapy of diabetes mellitus type I and II.]

The article presents results of the study of electrophoretic agility of erythrocytes, their pro-oxidant characteristics and intra-cellular concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) in patients with diabetes mellitus type I and II under implementation of therapy. The sampling included 46 patients with diabetes mellitus type I and II. The control group consisted of 22 healthy volunteers. 20 patients with diabetes mellitus type i received insulin protaphan and insulin actrapid, 26 patients with diabetes mellitus type II received preparations of sulfanylurea, biguanides, incretins. The analysis of blood was applied before and after course of treatment. The electrophoretic agility of erythrocytes was analyzed, including concentration of malonic dialdehyde in them, content of 2,3-DPG and ATP. In case of diabetes mellitus type I and II, the study established increasing of content of malonic dialdehyde, decreasing of electrophoretic agility of erythrocytes, concentration of ATP and 2,3-DPG in erythrocytes concerning physiological standard, mostly expressed in patients with diabetes mellitus type I. The therapy decreased concentration of malonic dialdehyde and increased electrophoretic agility of erythrocytes, content of ATP and 2,3-DPG as compared with indices before treatment. In patients with diabetes mellitus type II during treatment reduction of electrophoretic agility of erythrocytes and 2,3-DPG up to physiological standard was observed. The positive effect of the given clinical strategies during treatment of diabetes mellitus type I and II is conditioned by decreasing of stress reaction and activation of adaptation processes that is manifested at the level of micro-circulation by amelioration of oxygen-transport function of blood at the expense of increasing of electrophoretic agility of erythrocytes, level of 2,3-DPG and decreasing of destructive processes of membranes of erythrocytes.